Love, Speech Pathologist treatment of dementia patients with Research Paper

Love, Speech Pathologist treatment of dementia patients with troublesome practices - Research Paper Example This targets deciding how to guarantee the nature of patients and family members’ lives in circumstances of dementia can be improved. As indicated by pathologists, notwithstanding the way that memory misfortune has been aâ prominentâ findingâ latelyâ in most dementia patients, the principle issue that adds to organization is the problematic conduct, for example, pointless discourse related with the malady. A portion of the primary manifestations related with the malady incorporate rest unsettling influence, superfluous discourses, animosity, sadness, disturbance and crazy related highlights. Moreover, conduct side effects might be aâ resultâ of dementia ailment, Iatrogeneric causes and otherâ concomitantâ illness. In any case, theâ mainâ errorâ made by a larger part in overseeing conduct aggravations is that treatment begins withoutâ identificationâ of the indication precipitant. It isâ essentialâ to guarantee that before anybody starts treatment the distinguishing proof of theâ disruptiveâ behaviors and causes is done (Teri, Logsdon, Uomoto, and McCurry, 2012). To guarantee thatâ treatmentâ of a sickâ person isâ satisfactory, the patient’s family and pathologist ought to have aâ soundâ understandingâ of the issue under treatment. Gloom is one of the indications and the troublesome conduct of dementia that effects up to 20% of most patients. Discouragement can be as superfluous addresses on the grounds that ofâ the sickness related neuronal misfortune and, less frequently,â reactionâ to an illness procedure. For patients experiencing vascular dementia,â depressionâ mostlyâ follows the left cerebral half of the globe stroke. Dementia-related maladies, for example, Parkinson’s ailment, have numerous patients indicating manifestations of misery through their discourses. Much of the time it is troublesome toâ diagnoseâ patients with sadness because of dementia since lack of care isâ common in both disorders (Teri, Logsdon, Uomoto, and McCurry,

Lab Report Microscope Sample

Lab Report Microscope Paper The compound magnifying instrument can give an amplification up to kick It is better altered to see littler articles, for example, creature tissue and meager bits of plants. The sound system magnifying lens then again can see a lot bigger items, for example, rocks, creepy crawlies, and blossoms. Be that as it may, the sound system magnifying instrument has a much lower amplification scope of as it were. 2. On the off chance that the visual of your magnifying lens is lox and your target that you are seeing your example under is lox, what is the absolute amplification? To locate the all out amplification, you will duplicate the visual of your magnifying instrument by your goal. This outcomes in the all out amplification being kick 3. How does the light change on the compound magnifying lens? Light on the compound changes from modifying the iris stomach 4. What is the amplification of the visual? The amplification of the visual is lox. 5. Which sort of magnifying lens would you be able to see a Frog? A sound system magnifying instrument would permit an individual to see a frog. 6. What is the round zone that you see when you look under the magnifying instrument? The round zone you see when you look under the magnifying instrument is known as the field of view. . What befalls the field of view as you go from low to high power on a compound magnifying lens? At the point when you go from low to high power on the compound magnifying instrument the field of view diminishes. 8. What befell the light as you go from low to high power on The measure of light reductions as you go from low to high power on the compound magnifying lens. 9. What force do you generally st art on when you begin taking a gander at something on the magnifying instrument? Continuously start with low force when you begin taking a gander at something under the magnifying instrument. 10. We will compose a custom exposition test on Lab Report Microscope explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Lab Report Microscope explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Lab Report Microscope explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer At the point when you complete utilizing the magnifying lens, what force do you generally put the magnifying instrument Always set the magnifying lens back to low power after you are finished utilizing the magnifying lens. Strategies: 1. Turn the lights on 2. Rheostat to 10 3. Spot slide letter e in front of an audience 4. Secure it 5. Change to xx see 6. Focus example 7. Switch sees 8. Alter oculars to 70 9. Modify course center to until slide is in see 10. Alter iris stomach 11. Alter fine center 12. Focus picture 13. View under xx 14. Screen shot 15. Change view to xx 16. Screen shot 17. Change to xx 18. Modify iris stomach 19. Change fine center 20. Screen shot 21. Change to xx 22. Alter stomach 23. Screen shot 24. Switch see 25. Come back to low power 26. Select onion root tip slide 27. Focus slide 28. Look to top position 29. Switch see 30. View in xx 31. Modify iris stomach 32. Alter fine center 33. Screen shot 4 view in xx 35. Alter stomach 36. Alter fine center 37. Screen sh ot 38. Switch see 39. Modify iris stomach 40. Screen shot 41. Change to xx 42. Modify stomach 43. Screen shot 44. Come back to low power 45. Select bacterial case slide 46. Focus slide 47. Eve stage to top position 48. Switch see 49. Alter course center 50. Modify iris stomach 51. Change fine center 52. Screen shot 53. Change view to xx 54. Screen shot change to xx 55. Alter iris stomach 56. Screen shot 57. Change to xx 58. Alter fine center 59. Screen shot 60. Come back to low power 61. Select cheek smear slide 62. Enter slide 63. Move stage to top position 64. Switch see 65. Change course center 66. Modify iris stomach 67. Modify fine center 68. Screen shot 69. Change to xx 70. Screen shot 71. Change to xx 72. Alter iris stomach 73. Change fine center 74. Screen shot 75. Change to xx 76. Modify iris stomach 77. Screen shot 78. Change to low power Rest Its: THE LETTER e SLIDE xx see 1 Ox see xx see 1 bull see ONION ROOT TIP SLIDE 1 OX see BACTERIAL CAPSULE SLIDE xx see 1 view CHEEK SMEAR SLIDE 1 xx see Conclusion: The magnifying lens lab was pleasant for me. Despite the fact that it was an online imitating of a magnifying instrument, I discovered it to follow a similar configuration and steps you would use with a genuine magnifying lens. Ive had involvement with the past on utilizing a magnifying instrument, yet it has been some time. This lab has truly been an update on the best way to appropriately utilize a magnifying lens I took in the right strides to take when seeing a slide, for example, starting and completion in low force. The lab has likewise shown me the points of interest and drawbacks of utilizing a compound magnifying lens versus A sound system magnifying lens Lastly, the magnifying instrument lab has given me that in the event that you follow the right request and succession of steps, seeing slides is simple, fun, and energizing. The Microscope Lab Review Questions 1 . What is the distinction between a compound and sound system magnifying lens? The compound magnifying lens can give an amplification up to XX. It is better 2. Disclose to me in detail how to center something under the magnifying lens and increment in amplification. So as to bring a slide into center, you should utilize the course modification handle, at that point change to the fine change handle to draw out a more clear picture. To build amplification, for instance, you would change from (xx) to 10 (xx, etc, while proceeding to change the core interest. 3. Which part of the magnifying lens grants you to have careful centering? The course alteration handle for the most part lets you bring the picture into center. Be that as it may, the fine change handles grants you to have precise centering. . How would you change the light while looking under the magnifying instrument? To change the light while looking under the magnifying instrument, you should utilize the iris stomach 5. What is the right method to hold a magnifying lens? The right method to hold and convey a magnifying lens is the spot one hand under the base of the ma gnifying instrument and one hand on the arm. 6. Which part of the magnifying lens contains focal points of various amplifications? The rotating nose piece contains focal points of various amplifications on the . What befalls the field of view as you go from low to high power? At the point when you go from low to high power on the compound magnifying instrument the field of view diminishes. 8. What befalls the light as you go from low to high power? The measure of light declines as you go from low to high power on the compound magnifying instrument. 9. What force do you generally start on when you begin taking a gander at something under the magnifying instrument? You generally start on low force when you begin taking a gander at something under the magnifying lens. 10. When you complete utilizing the magnifying lens, what force do you generally return the magnifying lens on? You generally put the magnifying lens on low force when you are finished utilizing it. 11. On the off chance that the target focal point was on XX, what might be the all out amplification? The all out amplification would be KICK. 12. Which part of the magnifying instrument underpins the slides and which part holds the slides consistent? The stage underpins the slides and the stage cuts hold the slides consistent. 13. Which some portion of the magnifying lens is the part that you glance through and is nearest to your eyes? The visual focal point is the piece of the magnifying lens that you glance through and is nearest to your eyes. 14. Which part of the magnifying instrument underpins the body tube and the change handles? The arm underpins the body tube and the change handles on a 15. Which part of the magnifying lens bolsters the heaviness of the magnifying lens? The base backings the heaviness of the magnifying lens. 16. Which magnifying instrument part permits you to direct what amount of light is experiencing your example? The iris stomach controls the measure of light experiencing your example. 17. Which part of the magnifying instrument permits you to move the destinations of the magnifying lens to low, medium, high force. The target focal point permit you to film the goals of the magnifying instrument to low, medium, and high force. 18. Which part of the magnifying lens changes the separation between the slide and he goal to center a picture? The course center handle will permit you to move the stage, which is the separation between the slide and the goal to center a mage. 19. What is amplification? The demonstration or procedure of developing the view a picture of something is amplification. 20. At which all out amplification do you see the biggest field of view zone on your slide? Xx is the complete amplification you can see the biggest field of view region on your slide. 21. At which all out amplification do you see the littlest field of view territory on your slide? Xx is the absolute amplification you can see the littlest field of view territory on your slide. 22. How would you compute all out amplification? Amplification is the visual focal point duplicated by the goal focal point. 23. What is the amplification of the visual? The amplification of the visual focal point in 10. 24. Which sort of magnifying lens would you be able to see a live example, for example, a branch from a tree? A Stereo magnifying lens would permit you to see a live example, for example, a branch from a tree. 25. Mark this outline beneath: Put your answers of the graph above in the cases underneath. 1. Body tube 8. Light 2. Rotating nascence 9. Curia focal point 3. 1 bull 10. Arm 4. Xx 1 . Stage 5. 12. Course change handle 6. Stage cuts

Growing Into Literacy Essay Samples

Growing Into Literacy Essay SamplesLearning how to write a literary essay has always been difficult for me, but I am trying to learn the art of writing. I have begun to get some good ideas from the growing number of growing into literacy essay samples on the internet. I do not know if this is an indication that more people are now writing on subjects such as this, or if this is simply an indication that it can be done.Maybe it is a combination of both. I believe that formal education for adults should include a good deal of in-depth reading and writing. In my view, there is a vast difference between getting a college degree and learning to become an instructor in a college classroom, and learning to write. Not everyone knows how to write, and the ability to properly express oneself through a literate and respectful prose has a lot to do with the cultural heritage of our world.Everyone in this country is descended from immigrants, and it was in fact the history of the America that was formed by these immigrants that set us apart from other nations. These immigrants had no education of their own, yet they wrote and created what we now call the culture of this country. Unfortunately, much of the education of most of our citizens these days, is through the medium of textbooks.The subject of my growing into literacy essay is not going to be covered in most of the textbook materials that are available in the classroom. These textbooks are meant to educate students in basic math and English composition, and if you actually want to learn how to write, I doubt that a teacher would sit you down and make you write a concise literacy essay for a test. This is where growing into literacy essay samples really comes in handy.To be honest most of the material that is taught in our public schools today is very boring, and is written by people who have very little or no decent reputation. Even some of the teaching material that is available is heavily biased and not based on fac t. So, if you want to learn how to write, you will need to look elsewhere.Writing is not rocket science, but it is definitely a craft, and it takes practice. You will also need to be very careful in terms of choosing the information that you write on. You will want to consider your audience, but be prepared to reveal certain things in order to be sure that you will be understood.The main purpose of a literacy essay is to bring a point across without rambling and without dwelling on irrelevant things. It should focus on the important points, and point out the ways in which it is relevant to the topic at hand. You must use specific vocabulary and draw upon your academic knowledge to further explain the points you are making.The best way to write an article is to write one and see what kind of response you get. Then repeat this process until you feel confident that it is a piece that you are comfortable with. The next step is to expand upon the concept so that it becomes a more substan tial essay, and then start writing the bibliography and the conclusion.

Effects of Violent Video Games Essay - 1406 Words

Rhetorical Analysis Essay According to the article â€Å"Shooting in the Dark† author, Benedict Carey, states that studies today on violent video games show no concrete evidence on actually long term negative effects on gamers. Mr. Carey is not a researcher or scientist but is a veteran writer of neuroscience, neurology, and psychology. Throughout this article he gives factual evidence and quotes from scholarly sources such as doctors and researchers in the fields of behavior and psychology. The author gives ample explanation on evidence used from his sources to give the optimal understanding to the reader of the results and/or findings given by the sources. The article connects to the modern age of gamers with examples from big name video†¦show more content†¦Anderson to support his claim by showing that most blame of violent outbreaks in society are blamed on one single thing, like video games, but if you look at the studies there are some many different factors tha t affect the behavior of today’s society. The author then goes on to say â€Å"Most researchers in the field agree with Dr. Anderson evidence and findings,† which establishes an accepted respect of authority for his source. This gives the reader a feeling of comfort in knowing that these sources are scholarly and can be trusted. Another source used by the author explains a recent experiment by psychologists at Iowa State University have found that after a short usage of the fighting game â€Å"Mortal Kombat† that they indeed acted slightly more aggressive shortly following the experiment but ultimately couldn’t find any results in long term effects. Mr. Carey states â€Å"Many similar studies have found the same thing: A dose of violent gaming makes people act a little more rudely than they would otherwise, at least for a few minutes after playing, but little is found about what actually follows,† this gives more support to his claim by displaying that his claim is the generally accepted and agreed upon opinion of most scholars in this field of study. Throughout the article the author gives each of his source’s full detailed background to explain why they are creditable and trustworthyShow MoreRelatedVideo Games and Violent Video Games Effect1225 Words   |  5 Pages A video game is â€Å"an electronic game in which players control images on a television or computer screen† (Merriam-Webster). Video games have been entertaining and challenging gamers since the Game Boy to modern console games. Despite the simplicity of the definition of video games, a video game, especially ones containing violence can have a large effect on the gamer. Because of the realism and advancements in the video game industry, video games can influence the player, and can make the gamerRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1074 Words   |  5 PagesVideo Games. Anderson et al. (2008), Anderson et al. (2010), Browne and Hamilton-Giachritsis (2005), Erwin and Morton (2008), Gentile and Stone (2005), and Jason et al. (2005) revealed a correlation between violent video games with immediate and later aggressive behavior. All of the research for the effects of violent videos games are conducted on older children and current research has not yet studied young children or preschoolers. It is important to note what research exclaims about the long-termRead MoreEffects Of Violent Video Games Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pagesof all of the age groups, teeneagers love video games. Though some say â€Å"it’s just a game†, that simple game could be more of an impact than people think. At the moment teenagers may not see any change in their actions and emotions while playing video games. Violent video games in specific are a huge impact on Americans teenagers. Do parents actually pay attention to the things their children say while playing violent video games? No. Violent video games affect a great am ount of America’s teenagersRead MoreViolent Video Games Effect On Children1654 Words   |  7 Pagessamples of the dialog talked between kids who play games such as like â€Å"Call of Duty† or â€Å"Halo†. In today s age, kids frequently boast about the quantity of players they figured out how to kill while playing these video games. Two decades ago, this would not be the typical waste of time of an eleven year old, yet now kids are seeing this kind of brutal movement as simply one more approach to take a break on a Saturday morning. Since the video game market is blasting at this moment because of progressiveRead MoreThe Effects of Violent Video Games Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pages Since violent video games, like Mortal Kombat, were created, adolescents who play these games become more aggressive than before. To me, playing violent video games is unsafe for these people since they have the negative influence on these people. I believe that researching on t hat topic would help us get the sense of what problems to avoid. I wish to know what are the possible effects of violent video games on adolescents’ aggression. The independent variable is violent video games, and theRead MoreViolent Video Games Effects On Children934 Words   |  4 Pagestodays’ society is Violent video games effect negatively on youngsters. This issue is growing because many of these games are featured aggressive elements that lead youngsters towards violence. For most players, video games are fun but also violent games take over the lives of some player. Since the world of video games was started in the 1980s, the video games still getting new level of popularity in this world. Most people are getting really addictive of these violent video games. The first importantRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Emotion1570 Words   |  7 PagesThe effects Violent Video Games have on Emotion Tiffany Jones Professor Teresa Neal Psych 2300 Kennesaw State University Introduction Many studies have shown how harmful the effects of media violence can be for over 60 years, and some recent studies have shown that there may even be a direct correlation between a one’s emotions and their exposure to the highly concentrated violence in video games. It is also known that over 85% of video games today have at the very least some type ofRead MoreViolent Video Games and the Effects on the Youth800 Words   |  4 PagesViolent Video Games and the Effects on the Youth Today our world is surrounded by technology and new inventions that make our lives better. Some of the most popular of hobbies among children and teenagers are video games, but what many people don’t know is that they are bad for them. Violent video games in particular have been proven to not be appropriate for the age groups that play them and to have a negative effect on school, social behavior, and increase aggression. Kids who play violent videoRead MoreEffect of Violent Video Games on Teenagers1070 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Violent video games are special games, which negatively influences to the attitude and behavior. These video games are popular between children and teenagers. Since 1980-s years violent games are in political discussion. Because when teenagers usually play violent video games, they are becoming aggressive and then they face with psychological problems. For this, some people claim that violent games are harmful for society and they affect to behavior and health. It was interested inRead MoreViolent Video Games And Its Potential Effects3794 Words   |  16 PagesViolent contents within video games have become rampant especially amongst adolescents. At the same time, with the growing number of users being exposed to these games, it becomes crucial to research the potential threats which emerge from playing these games. What many may not realize is that research does assert how the violent contents within video games may lead to aggression, possibly from arousal and being desensitized to real violence. Whilst other researchers argue that the relationship between

Operations Management Is The Branch Of Management’S Science

Operations Management is the branch of management’s science concerned in studying how to achieve successful management with the day-by-day operations of an organization. This study is dedicated in developing and applying the methods that are necessary to achieve business and operations improvement of the company. You may find operations problems in any area of the company and production and those problems may start in buying the feedstock of the products and go from there to even the distribution. Those studies about operations and management can prove that operations management and good decisions in this process are a critical function in the growth and profitability of the company. Good decisions made in the Areas of Operations†¦show more content†¦Apple is one of the biggest in industry leadership. Apple is a great example of success because It address all the 10 decisions of operations management correctly and carefully. The operation s management process involves the application of all the 10 decisions of OM areas to ensure the company will do well in all aspects of the business and will keep doing well in the market. The 10 decisions are decisions in the areas of Goods and service design, quality, Process and capacity design, Human Resources and Job Design etc. The 10 decisions OM in this company are implemented in coordinating efforts in products design and development, sales and marketing, also the supply chain and other business areas. Apple has a great team of managers and each of them handle the implementation of each of the 10 decisions of operations management. What makes apple to be great company is the huge efficiency in the decisions of operations management. Design of Goods and Services. Apple s processes in the design of its products are treated with several organizational components and officials. For example, the production of Mac s laptops involves a VP for mac hardware engineering and a VP for Mac software Engineering. In the decision area of operations management in apple the VP coordinate with Apple s seniorShow MoreRelatedManaging All Trade Breaks Raised And Identify Resolution961 Words   |  4 PagesBachelor of Arts (Computer Science and Psychology), May 2006. GPA 3.2 WORK LEADERSHIP EXPERIENCE Deutsche Bank, Jacksonville, Florida, Senior Operations Analyst Listed options Oct 2014- Aug 2015. Job Summary: Manage all trade breaks raised and identify resolution path to continuously challenge systems and processes to improve efficiency and risk control. Work Achievements: †¢ Coordination: Interfaced with New York and London Derivatives Sales Desks, internal Order Management Systems, and clients inRead MoreApplied Research Methods in the Business Environment1786 Words   |  7 Pagesobjectives of the research are to examine how it is that management views methods of management in the organization. Towards this end, the study will examine management theory including both historical and traditional theories in management and how each of the theories is relative to specific paradigms or mindsets. Brief Critical Review of Key Academic Sources and Main Issues The work of Hartman (nd) states that the evolution of modern management thinking started first in the nineteenth century andRead More4 Component of Management Are Interrelated2407 Words   |  10 PagesThe Final Exam (2) Hours Total No. of rows must less than 180 (1800 words) for both tow questions. Question No. 1 How are the management four functions interrelated? The total work of management is often divided in four broad functions. These are: 1. Planning and/or decision making 2. Organizing, including staffing 3. Motivating/leading 4. Controlling Although all these function are very distinct but they are in the same time is closely related or interrelated. These function are generallyRead MoreScientific Management Theory1868 Words   |  8 Pages1. Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory The scientific management approach was developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor at the end of the 19th century to improve labor productivity by analyzing and establishing work flow processes. Scientific management theory is the scientific method to define the â€Å"one best way† for a job to be done. It is the systematic study of the relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process for higher efficiency. FrederickRead MoreIt Strategy - Case Study8329 Words   |  34 PagesMà ¤lardalen University School of Sustainable Development Technology Masters Thesis in IT Management 2008-06-04 How does the alignment of IT to business strategy affect the organisation of the IT function? Author ID No Opponents Tutor Joy Agbamuche 731126 Sirintip Saitong Shahid Mahmood Ole liljefors Michael Le Duc Abstract Date Purpose 2008-06-04 The primary goal of this research is to describe the IT function and examine how its alignment to an organisations strategy affects theRead MoreThe Role of the National Archive of Malaysia in the Collection and Preservation of Our National Heritage4052 Words   |  17 Pagesobjectives and functions more in line with international practice. Records Management activities were later introduced and in 1965, the Records Centre Building was completed. It was not until 1966, with the passing of the National Archives Act, that the records management activities became more organized and had a firm legal footing. New responsibilities were added to the functions of the National Archives. The first Regional Branch of the National Archives was set up in Johore Bahru in 1972, to caterRead MoreAccounting Information for Internal and External Users11290 Words   |  46 Pagesdoubtful whether this view is still generally held. The increased use of scientific methods in accounting has changed the discipline to an applied science. (Matterssich 1984)According to Matterssich accounting is a science because of its methodology and applied because of its global orientation. He suggests that it may be regarded as an induced science as it tends to solve problems from which are general propositions induced. More recently the American Association of Accountants (AAA) defined accountingRead MoreImplementing Relationship Marketing: the Role of Internal and External Customer Orientation4896 Words   |  20 PagesEllis** and F.A.A. Musika* *WorkWell: Research Unit for People, Policy Performance School of Entrepreneurship, Marketing and Tourism Management Potchefstroom Campus North West University[1] **Statistical Consultation Service Potchefstroom Campus North West University Paper presented at the European Institute for Advances Studies in Management (EIASM) Workshop on Relationship Marketing, EIASM, Brussels, Belgium, 27 – 28 January 2004 IMPLEMENTING RELATIONSHIP MARKETING: THE ROLERead MoreEvolution of the Management School of Thought4518 Words   |  19 PagesIntroduction The current management theory and practices did not pop out of thin air, they evolved over many years. The evolution of management thought is not clearly understood, but many tried to defined management in different ways starting from the early days. Even before the term management came to be realized it concepts was applicable in most part of the world; in the ancient world the ideas or concepts of sound organizational structure, the concepts management is group activity and other conceptsRead MoreResearch on Internal Audit Participate in Risk Management-Based on the Erm Framework of Coso20007 Words   |  81 PagesSchool of Management, University of Glamorgan Research on Internal Audit Participate in Risk Management-Based on the ERM Framework of COSO By: Weichen Zhu Candidate no: September 2012 Supervised by: The dissertation is submitted as part of the requirement for the award of Masters of Science: Declaration This Dissertation has been prepared on the basis of my own work and that where other published and unpublished source materials have been used, these have been acknowledged

The Darkness Behind Hunger. Hunger Is A Constant,...

The Darkness Behind Hunger Hunger is a constant, everchanging human trait. Although it is almost always associated in the context of food, the characteristic of hunger can also relate to the craving of a certain aspect of life. When one hungers, whether for an aspect or for food, they will search for a method to quench their feelings of that certain hunger. Although this is not necessarily a negative outcome, for hunger can work to motivate and drive a person to an overall goal, a growing uncontrolled and unnoticed hunger can be very dangerous. If a person is unable or unwilling to reach their goal, they obliviously allow hunger to grow inside of them, causing them to commit vast and rash actions at an attempt to obtain the specific†¦show more content†¦Amir’s cruel and shocking comment not only showcase his jealously and hatred towards the people Baba turns his attention to, but also reveals the evil actions Amir commits is directly related to his growing hunger. Sim ilarly, to Amir, Ishmael is also introduced as a kind and innocent boy whose innocence is quickly lost as war erupts in Sierra Leone. As Ishmael struggles to obtain food and other necessitates, his hunger for survival rapidly increases. Ishmael’s increase in hunger ultimately drives him to extreme extents as he attempts to survive. For example, as Ishmael and his friends are unable to locate anything to eat, they decide to steal food from a boy instead, by â€Å"rush[ing] on [the] boy at the same time †¦ [and] tak[ing] [his] corn from him† (Beah 30). The idea of stealing is clearly wrong, however, like Amir, both character’s hunger ultimately drive them to commit evil actions. As Amir and Ishmael become increasingly desperate and allow their hunger to grow, they continue to commit evil actions and eventually lose their ability to suppress their inner desires. As Amir’s craving for Baba’s love quickly overcomes his conscience, he decides to abandon his friend being raped, claiming â€Å"[he] ran because [he is] a coward† (Hosseini 82). Although Amir states the reason why he ran was out of fear, his decision to run instead of giving the kite to Assef is a clear indication that the desire for Baba’s love greatly influenced his decision. After the

Financial Statements AGL Energy Limited

Question: Discuss about the case study Financial Statements for AGL Energy Limited. Answer: Introduction to the companies AGL Energy Limited (Listed Company) AGL Energy is the public limited company registered with Australian Exchange and it provides energy products and services to the Australian people. AGL Energy is the energy company that is involved in both generation and selling of electricity for residential and commercial use. Company uses thermal power, natural gas, wind power, hydroelectricity and coal in their power house to produce the electricity. AGL Energy is actively involved in reducing the green house gas emissions through providing the secure and affordable energy to customers. Company has an experience of 175 years in the field of generation and distribution of electricity and main distribution centre area is eastern Australia. In last five years, there has been continuous growth in the gross revenue of the company and management believes such performance in future years (Annual Report 2015: AGL Energy Limited). AGL limited believes in good dividend to their shareholders and it can be seen from last five years annual re port. Extensive review of annual report for 2014 and 2015 has been done underneath with comparison to competitors company (Genesis Energy Limited). Genesis Energy Limited (Listed and Competitor to AGL Energy Limited) Genesis Energy Limited deals in same industry as AGL Energy but it based in New Zealand. The shares are of the company are publicly traded and it is registered on the Australian Stock Exchange. Genesis Energy is the largest retailing company in field of electricity and natural gas with stake of 26 % and 42 % respectively. Company has about 636,676 customers in its retailing segment that makes it largest electricity and gas retailer in the New Zealand. Genesis is the diversified energy company that aims to provide their customers with smart, conventional and clean source of energy solutions and services. Company aims to give their 100% to save environment through balancing the use of resources and giving very less damage to environment. Genesis Energy Limited is fast growing company in the New Zealand and it has target to serve the maximum customers in the future. Company has maintained proper growth in last two years and earned sufficient profits to meet the shareholders need (Annual Report 2015: Genesis Energy Limited). It is company policy to pay highest dividends to their shareholders through maintaining good pace of growth in revenue as well in market price. Analysis of the Financial Statements of AGL Energy Limited and Genesis Energy Limited In order to recommend the investors to invest in the company or not it is required to analyze the company financial statements. Therefore, a ratio analysis has been done to find out performance of both AGL Energy Limited and Genesis Energy Limited. Comprehensive report is presented along with detail calculations in the appendix to help with. Profitability, Liquidity, Capital structure and Market performance ratios have been included in the ratio analysis and they are given as under. Profitability Analysis Profitability ratios tell the earning capacity of the company. These ratios tell how much company has earned in previous years on different grounds like total assets, net sales etc (Fridson and Alvarez, 2011). Return on assets: Return on assets ratio tell the total profits on total assets implied by the company in the current year. More the value of ratio more is beneficial for the company. AGL Energy Limited has earned 4.03 % net profit on total asset in year 2014 and in year 2015 it was reduced to 1.38 % showing the downfall by 2.65 % (Annual Report 2015: AGL Energy Limited). On the other hand, Genesis Energy Limited has earned 1.36 % of income on total assets in year 2014 and it was increased to 2.97 % in year 2015. Therefore, it can be said there is decreasing trend in return on assets for AGL Energy Limited whereas increasing trend for Genesis Energy Limited (Bull, 2007). Net Profit Margin: This ratio shows the profit earned on total revenue. Higher the net profit more beneficial for the organization. It is calculated by dividing net profit to net revenue. Net profit margin of AGL Energy Limited was 5.46 % in year 2014 and it is decreased to 2.04% in year 2015. So, it represents downfall trend in the net profit ratio for AGL Energy Limited. Net profit margin ratio of Genesis Energy Limited was 2.45 % in year 2014 and it was increased to 5 % in year 2015, showing the increasing trend Annual Report 2015: Genesis Energy Limited). Liquidity Analysis Liquidity ratios tell the short term financial position of the company. Current ratio and quick ratio are two ratios that help in evaluating the liquidity performance of the company (Mumba, 2013). Current Ratio: This ratio helps to know the short term liquidity position of the company and it is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. To have the better liquidity position there is requirement to keep the current assets more as compare to current liabilities. It tells the company ability to pay off their short term liabilities during the period. On having looked at the current ratio of AGL Energy Limited it can be said that liquidity position of the company is good despite of slight downfall in current ratio in year 2015 (Annual Report 2015: AGL Energy Limited). Current ratio of AGL Energy Limited in year 2014 is 1.57 and in year 2014 it is 1.46. On the other hand, looking at the current ratio figures of Genesis Energy Limited, it can be conclude that company also has sound liquidity position in both the year. In year 2015, there was downfall in current ratio by 22% but company manages to keep the current ratio above its ideal mark of 1. Current ratio of Ge nesis Energy Limited in year 2014 is 1.45 and in year 2014 it is 1.12 Annual Report 2015: Genesis Energy Limited). Quick Ratio: This ratio also tell the short term liquidity position of the enterprise but while determining the current assets it ignores inventory and prepaid expenses. It is similar to the current ratio but it tells clearer picture of the liquidity position of the company as it does not includes assets that are difficult to convert into cash and cash equivalents within the short span of time. Capital Structure Analysis These ratios tell the structure of capital employed by the company to earn the revenue. Basically company employ owners capital to have capital funding but public limited company generates capital by issue of common shares in the open market and creating the debt from the bank. Two main ratios that help in evaluating the capital structure of the company are debt to equity ratio and equity ratio. Debt to Equity ratio: Debt to equity ratio tells the amount of debt over the shareholders equity. Company having more equity capital as compare to debt capital assumes to be having better capital structure (Annual Report 2015: AGL Energy Limited). This ratio is calculated by total debt by total shareholders equity. In year 2014, AGL Energy limited has 0.86 debt as compare to equity and it got reduced to 0.80 in year 2015. Genesis Energy Limited has debt of 0.93 as compare to equity in year 2014 and there is no change in year 2015. So, there is decreasing trend in the ratio for AGL Energy Limited whereas no trend in case of Genesis Energy Limited Annual Report 2015: Genesis Energy Limited). Equity Ratio: This ratio is defined as total shareholders equity divided by total assets. This ratio tells how much equity part is financed by the company in contrast to debt and current liabilities. AGL Energy Limited has an equity ratio of 0.54 in year 2014 and it got increased to 0.56 in year 2015. This shows an increasing trend for the company AGL Energy Limited. Genesis Energy Limited has an equity ratio of 0.52 in both the years with slight variation. So it can be said that there is no trend in the ratio for Genesis Energy Limited (Drake and Fabozzi, 2012). Market Performance Market performance ratios tell how well company has performed in the outside market. Market performance is the analysis of return earned by the shareholders. Earning per share: This ratio tells net earnings earned by each shareholder in the company. AGL Energy Limited has earned $0.979 in year 2014 and $ 0.375 in year 2015 per share. On the other hand Genesis Energy Limited has earned $ 0.049 in year 2014 and $ 0.105 in year 2015. It reflects decreasing trend in respect to AGL Energy Limited and increasing trend for Genesis Energy Limited (Trading Economics, 2016). Dividend per share: This ratio tells how much dividend is distributed by the company to each shareholder for the particular time period. Dividend includes interim dividend as well as final dividend for the calculation purpose (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2011). AGL Energy Limited has distributed $ 0.603 and $ 0.665 in year 2014 and 2015 respectively. On the other hand, Genesis has given $ 0.146 and $ 0.121 per share for year 2014 and 2015 respectively. Recommendation On the basis of above analysis it is advised to the investors to not invest in AGL Energy Limited due to its decreasing profit in year 2015 and lower earning per share. It is suggest that people must invest in Genesis Energy Limited n order to have higher returns and lower risk. References Annual Report 2015. Genesis Energy Limited. [Online]. Available at: https://www.genesisenergy.co.nz/en_GB/reports-and-presentations Annual Report. 2015. AGL Energy Limited. [Online]. Available at: https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/media-centre/article-list/2015/august/agl-annual-report-2015 Brigham, E. F. and Ehrhardt, M. C. 2011. Financial Management: Theory and Practice. Mason: Cengage Learning. Bull, R. 2007. Financial Ratios: How to use financial ratios to maximize value and success for your businesses. Elsevier. Drake, P. P. and Fabozzi, F. J. 2012. Analysis of Financial Statements. John Wiley Sons. Fridson, M. S. and Alvarez, F. 2011. Financial Statement Analysis: A Practitioner's Guide. John Wiley Sons. Mumba, C. 2013. Understanding Accounting and Finance: Theory and Practice. USA: Trafford Publishing. Trading Economics. 2016. AGL Energy EPS Earnings Per Share. [Online]. Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/agl:au:eps [Accessed on: 16 August, 2016].

You’ve been told in order to write, you need to be inspired. That’s a load of bull. free essay sample

â€Å"You’ve been told in order to write, you need to be inspired. That’s a load of bull. You have all the inspiration you need inside of you. Just unleash it.† These were the words of my teacher, Traci, on the first day of my creative writing summer school. My first assignment last summer was to describe the journey that had brought me there, to L.A., for a four-week writing program. For me, the journey had begun four summers earlier, before eighth grade. That was the summer I decided to become a writer. At the end of seventh grade, my English teacher gave me a summer homework assignment that unexpectedly changed the course of my life. His command was simple: â€Å"Write every single day.† I moaned and groaned. Back then, writing was a chore. Nevertheless, I wrote in my journal daily for ten minutes as assigned. Slowly my ten minutes of writing became an hour. We will write a custom essay sample on You’ve been told in order to write, you need to be inspired. That’s a load of bull. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In my journal, I discussed the books I was reading, the ideas I had. I wrote short stories that continued from one week to the next. By the summer’s end, I was addicted to writing in my journal. When my parents asked me if I had finished my chores, they caught me writing. I protested stealthily, â€Å"I’m doing homework. It’s required.† As my writing grew more prolific, I knew I wanted to spend my life with a pen in hand. The summer ended, but my journals continued. I still carry a notebook with me at all times in case inspiration strikes. Because of my summer journal, writing, which I used to find dull, became my greatest passion. If I wrote an autobiography, my experience last summer in L.A. would be the second chapter of my journey as a writer. For the first time, I was surrounded by other writers my age who understood the frustration of searching for one elusive word, or the joy of piecing a plot together. Everywhere on campus, I could feel the hum of creativity in the air as we bounced ideas off each other. We were responsible for critiquing each other, while our teachers helped us improve our technique. From every assignment my teachers gave me— even the zany ones, like writing a dialogue entirely in slang or a poem using only the words from The Cat in the Hat— I learned how to grasp the fire within me, my passion for writing, and to channel it. I suffered from writer’s block many times while at summer school because every day my teachers demanded new creative material from us, but I learned how to thrive under the pressure. With Traci’s advice in mind, whenever I sought a burs t of inspiration, I would examine my own memories, feelings, and opinions to find something to say. I learned to summon creativity whenever I needed it to fuel my passion for writing. And in the process, I found my voice— the unfaltering words in my heart that I can share with the world.

Stream of Consciousness Mary the Measurable woman

Stream of Consciousness Mary the Measurable woman Mary the Measurable woman Stream of consciousness is a technique of narrating a short story via giving an impression of exhibiting a lot of concentration. The author maneuvers from one reflection, sensation or observation to another. All these elements are often expressed by the authors in a continuous flow of words.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Stream of Consciousness: Mary the Measurable woman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These words are often used without any conventional transitions. However, the use of this technique has made people to associate it with nonsense. The use of stream of consciousness can make a narration extremely difficult to understand. Besides, it has some sense of flow. In most cases, the story ends with a topic that is not related to the initial one. Body background With a lot of anger written all over her face, Miss Mary, in miniskirt and high heels and carrying a sharp knife, left he r house to the nearby restaurant. Men and women of all shapes, sizes, class, filled the room as they danced to the sweet, sexy and lovely music. Then there came my husband’s mistress, looking very lovely. â€Å"Hallo madam. How is your husband doing? He is great.† You lucky to have a faithful husband. I envy you dear girlfriend.† Hello Nancy you also hang out here. I felt lonely and decided to come and have some little fun before I go home. This is very nice place where you get to hook up with many people. You might be lucky and get yourself a perfect husband. â€Å"Oh honey how sweet of you.† I feel very desperate to have a faithful husband.† Help me secure one Nancy.† I am tired of feeling lonely. â€Å"What about Tony.† Does he not make you happy† Oh Nancy, Tony has mistresses who are sweeter than honey. He never cherishes me like his wife.† The men and women in the dance hall continue to swing their hips to the rhythm of music. Laughter fills the room and everyone enjoys the dance moves and the music played. Hey you. Why are you so interested with my husband? Don’t you understand that she has a wife? What is it that? You luck that you cannot have your own man. â€Å"Hey Mary come and let’s dance to the music. It is like food to my soul and heart. I have never felt like this before.† I feel rejuvenated. Oh no! don’t want this splendid night to end. Wish it were like this each and every day. â€Å"Woman, stop pocking your nose into my affairs. If you cannot take care of your man, other women will take care of him for you. Just mind your own business and leave me alone. If you do not behave properly in my restaurant, You will get yourself outside. Hope I have made myself clear.†Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Nancy, have you ever fallen in love. â€Å"I fell once and was betrayed. From then, I have never wished to fall in love again. I love being single. You have to understand that men are polygamous in nature and cannot be tamed like a bird in a cage. Whether he dogs around or not, you have to understand that.† The music feds and the room is quite. Few people are still murmuring in the restaurant and doors are being closed. Girlfriend let me spend the night at your place. It was really an entertaining night. Hope will be having fun more often to avoid being stressed.

The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln Research Paper

The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln - Research Paper Example Who assassinated Abraham Lincoln? Did other politicians hire the killer or was the killer himself a politician? Did the man behind the shooting of President Abraham Lincoln have any personal interests in his death? What exactly did he stand to gain if the president died? Where exactly did the assassination of Abraham Lincoln take place? What kind of weapon did the assassinator use to perpetrate the act? The person who killed Abraham Lincoln was not a politician but a renowned actor, John Wilkes Booth. The death of the president as he thought would put an end to the civil war, giving the Confederates victory over the Union. To understand the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, it is important to know the person who killed him and the motive behind the assassination. Moreover, the factors that facilitated the killing of the president will help in shedding light on the issue. A myriad of questions focusing on the main reason why Booth had to assassinate the president arose shortly after h e killed him. At the time he was killing Abraham, Booth was not only rich but famous too, owing to his acting prowess. Coming from a family of successful actors, he was a highly rated actor, earning approximately $20,000 while most of the people in the United States earned an average of $3,000 annually. John Wilkes Booth on 14th April 1865 managed to pull the trigger of a .44 caliber derringer pistol, from the president’s box in a full Ford Theatre, firing a single bullet that killed the president (Good, 11). As Streers writes, â€Å"at approximately twenty minutes past ten o’clock on that fateful night of April 14th 1865, the famous actor John Wilkes Booth entered the box above and fired a bullet from a small derringer pistol into the brain of Abraham Lincholn† (12). Amid the laughers of the audience, the actor took aim at the president, shot at his head before jumping into the stage and escaping into the night. However, after two weeks of chasing Booth, the po lice found him at a barn in Maryland, where a Union officer shot him in the neck killing him two hours later. Box and John (18) argue that, â€Å"I do not look upon the murder of the President as an act of mere private vengeance; it was a blow aimed at the people who elected him and for the principles he represented.† According to Steers (20-30), having been born in Maryland, Booth openly supported the Confederate during the civil war of America. Additionally, he advocated for slavery, which was in contrary to Abraham’s perception on slavery (McCarty 50). Booth reasoned that by supporting the slaves, Lincoln was out to overthrow the constitution of the United States and destroy the south, which he so much loved. Booth was unsatisfied and angry with the management of the war, especially the handling of the war prisoners (McCarty 5). Moreover, when general Ulysses Grant stopped the exchange of the war prisoners as the war approached its end, Booth became even more agitat ed. Inspired by his personal opinion of how things ought to have been, the ardent supporter of slavery believed that the south had every right to be free to decide on its own on issues such as slavery and governance (Box and John 18). The progress of the war greatly wrecked the south, a region where slavery was legal, which motivated them to fight effortlessly to win the war. Lincoln on the other hand supported the north, the segment that was against slavery in the United States. Nevertheless, Booth thought that the death of the president as well as other high-ranking politicians among them the vice president, Johnson and the Secretary of The State, Steward would help the south in winning the civil war. According to Booth, if the three politicians died simultaneously, it would throw the union government into a turmoil that would automatically give the Confederates an upper hand in the war. As he learned from the media and from Lincoln’s character and media, Lincoln was easy t o reach. Fradin (19) writes, â€Å"

Situational Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Situational Leadership - Essay Example Firstly, I need to be aware of all teachers’ skills and competencies as well as experience in the field of their respective teaching. Usually, organizational change is a complex phenomenon and has to be dealt in a systematic manner. The concept of situational leadership provides a framework for effective change leadership by identifying six stages of concern, which when addressed appropriately can help in successful implementation of any organizational change (Blanchard, 2010). Besides these stages of concern, the developmental level in the change process of each individual staff member needs to be considered (Baca & Cervantes, 1998). Based on these developmental levels, stages of concern model proposed by Hershey and Blanchard can be used for change implementation (Olson, 2008). For instance, staff with information concerns needs to be given complete information so that they can decipher the sequence of events and be able to arrive at logical reasoning behind the tasks/events . Secondly, people with personal concerns are usually worried about the impact of events/tasks or change upon themselves. These groups, usually the new teachers, are also concerned about their own abilities to cope with the change.

Film Genre Essay Example for Free

Film Genre Essay â€Å"Words have no power to impress the mind without the exquisite horror of their reality†. Popular fascination with shock, horror and psychological thriller genre has been situated at an ultimate high, with school students wanting to learn about these popular genres. From watching videos and reading books from these exquisite genres, students receive various in site from the different eras and how those particular eras were controlled. Throughout the range of poetic genres each author has their own way of express feelings, protruding language techniques and helps show and feels emotions. Authors who illustrate genres in a particular way should be a part of the English curriculum, for the way they display the particular genres and help students understand the nature of fear, guilt and human conscience. Particular language techniques are used in shock, horror and psychological thriller genres. The language techniques have changed intensely over the years and this is due to how lifestyles are controlled and how woman and men portray themselves to each other. The differences between sentences from today society and society from years ago have changed dramatically. A sentence from ‘Macbeth,† Wherefore was that cry†. Today’s society â€Å"what was that noise or where did that noise come from†. Another quote from Edgar Allan Poe shows that the sentence structure were simple but complex and had intended to mean so much through such little words, â€Å"We loved with a love that was more than love.† Sentence from Authors who lived in different eras are interesting to study because we received a brilliant in site to how the language techniques were portrayed to being simple but complex. With the evidence provided, it is easy to see that Authors from different eras have much better language techniques. From directors, narrators, author and actor, in their plays, movies and shows a high variety on universal themes are shown. A universal theme is human emotions that the audience can relate to throughout the play, movie or show. A universal theme is themes were the actor or character is feeling sad, happy, angry or betrayed. Universal themes are defiantly very important for a student to learn about, and understand these different terms. These themes are used to interact with the audience and make the audience involved and when using universal themes in a scene it helps the audience interact  with that particular scene and helps the audience feel apart. Thirdly, students in today’s society are more engaging in English themes that they are wanting to learn about or what they enjoy learning about. With shock, Horror and the Psychological thriller genre at high demands and statistics say that these 3 genres are the most demanded genres in the world. With Shock, horror and psychological thriller genre being taught in schools, will most likely make school students engage in the Lesson more because they want to actually learn and be involved in the lesson. The final criterion is the difference in shock, horror and psychological thriller genre to now and 100 years ago has changed dramatically. These genres a long time ago were about simple fighting, simple killing, blood and guts. And in this century these genres mean people playing sick mind games and torturing, ghosts, demons, spirits, haunted houses, more in depth gory scenes and lots more. It is very important for students to learn about the difference in these genres and to compare them together they have changed a lot. School students today learn a lot from shock, horror and psychological thriller genre. The students learn a lot from particular language techniques, universal themes and how these particular genres have changed and evolved over time. If the Queensland censorship board considers banning these genres, they are taking a lot away about history that students need to learn about and are essential to the English learning curriculum.

We were kids… :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

We were kids†¦    High school. A safe abode free from the anger and hatred that wells from the streets of every city we've ever known. This place where smiles trickle in the half glow of routine. This place where, almost assured of treason's guilt one hides their anguish in desperate, fearful anticipation of secret forays with whispered confessions.    We were kids when we came. I was a kid when I came. I had tasted some small trickle of life and became certain of some things myself. I clung to an identity afraid I might be seen as a child who didn't know. I wasn't ready to listen and still I'm not. Not to those who do not cherish diversity. Not to those who post the same agenda on every face but for a different Ivy League university. Not to those who with their power, their judgement squeeze from me, my desires and dreams. Not to those who stifle my screams of pain and rage in the belief that world peace can only achieved through some king of frozen grinned, sweaty rolled up, button down cotton shirt diplomacy instead of a whole lot of healing. Do you hear me in this silence: You gotta know what needs to be healed so, cry out, CRY OUT! . . . Someone did that once, this guy who hated more and was angry more than anyone I'd ever met (even more angry than my older brother), it was last year and he only went nuts for just that one nig ht and besides he was really drunk. It took a few days for the bewildered rumours to hit me and the guy was my roommate, the bravest guy I've ever met.    We were kids when we came and as kids we grow up, we fall down, we make mistakes, we even make believe. As kids moving into the intricate intrigue of sick societies with a multitude of roads, paths, back alleyways and even underground shopping concourses we sometimes get confused, lost and uncertain. Decisions loom and our futures are relegated to the dull glint of role models whose paths we may hope to follow. But what once worked, what once we valued, may now have fallen from our esteem. Relevancy is ever changing and roads deteriorate in crumbling empires, traffic flows change and as we wait to cross the road we find cars more reluctant to stop and fewer and fewer people ready to join us at the sidewalk's edge. We were kids†¦ :: Personal Narrative Essay Example We were kids†¦    High school. A safe abode free from the anger and hatred that wells from the streets of every city we've ever known. This place where smiles trickle in the half glow of routine. This place where, almost assured of treason's guilt one hides their anguish in desperate, fearful anticipation of secret forays with whispered confessions.    We were kids when we came. I was a kid when I came. I had tasted some small trickle of life and became certain of some things myself. I clung to an identity afraid I might be seen as a child who didn't know. I wasn't ready to listen and still I'm not. Not to those who do not cherish diversity. Not to those who post the same agenda on every face but for a different Ivy League university. Not to those who with their power, their judgement squeeze from me, my desires and dreams. Not to those who stifle my screams of pain and rage in the belief that world peace can only achieved through some king of frozen grinned, sweaty rolled up, button down cotton shirt diplomacy instead of a whole lot of healing. Do you hear me in this silence: You gotta know what needs to be healed so, cry out, CRY OUT! . . . Someone did that once, this guy who hated more and was angry more than anyone I'd ever met (even more angry than my older brother), it was last year and he only went nuts for just that one nig ht and besides he was really drunk. It took a few days for the bewildered rumours to hit me and the guy was my roommate, the bravest guy I've ever met.    We were kids when we came and as kids we grow up, we fall down, we make mistakes, we even make believe. As kids moving into the intricate intrigue of sick societies with a multitude of roads, paths, back alleyways and even underground shopping concourses we sometimes get confused, lost and uncertain. Decisions loom and our futures are relegated to the dull glint of role models whose paths we may hope to follow. But what once worked, what once we valued, may now have fallen from our esteem. Relevancy is ever changing and roads deteriorate in crumbling empires, traffic flows change and as we wait to cross the road we find cars more reluctant to stop and fewer and fewer people ready to join us at the sidewalk's edge.

Play Area Critique Essay

The area of the pre-school room that I have chosen to critically evaluate is the dress up area. Our pre-school consists of 20 children aged 3-4 years old spread over two sessions, and comprises both boys and girls. In our pre-school we have two polish children, one boy and one girl, who speak both English and Polish, one Chinese girl and one Zimbabwean boy. The rest of the children are Irish. Our pre-school room is one large room in a general childcare facility, located at the rear of the building adjacent to the after-school room, and opens out onto the outdoor play area. The development of a learning environment which supports children‘s learning, socialization, interests and needs, is one of the foundation stones to quality early years curriculum and service. According to Aistear, taking time to develop a good indoor and outdoor learning environment will assist in the development of your curriculum and provide a welcoming and supportive learning atmosphere for the children. There are two roles for the adult in preparing this environment: organising it and resourcing it. In a pre-school room the space should be divided into interest areas i. e.  child-sized areas rather than in a single large group space. The supervisor should create well-defined areas of interest that encourage a variety of types of play and helps children see and experience the choices on offer. As you enter our room, the room the sinks and wash up area are to the left, as are the toilets. To the right is the table top area and arts & crafts corner. To the rear of the room, the book and reading corner is on the left hand side adjacent to the construction area, the dress up stand is along the back wall, and the home corner is a separate area on the right hand side. Our building is relatively new and the room is bright and airy, with most of the toys and equipment in a good state of repair. There is no obviously old or shabby area that needs attention. Primary Research In deciding which area of the room needed improvement, I needed to conduct some primary research. The areas of assessment and planning have become increasingly important in childcare. In order to support children’s learning and development, providers must support each individual child by providing appropriate opportunities, experiences, activities, interactions and materials within the daily service. Therefore, I decided to carry out an observation on the children playing, and an informal interview with the children. Observation and assessment processes can be used to identify the effectiveness of the setting, specific areas of the setting, specific activities and the practitioner. Through observing the children and/or the learning environment we can revise plans and, perhaps, changes to the environment, to improve provision. In carrying out my research I: †¢ observed the children when they were playing using a trail record observation sheet to determine the most and least popular areas of interest. †¢ observed how the space and organisation of the environment was supporting or hindering play †¢ interpreted what I saw and heard in the play †¢ used the assessment information gathered in planning for improving the play areas. The children were invited to participate and give their opinions on the room during the informal interview with the group. Indeed consulting with the children in relation to the development of the space and materials can be empowering for the children and give them a sense of ownership. The results of my research indicated to me that the book area and dress up areas were the least utilised areas of the room during free play time. The book area didn’t overly concern me, as we incorporate reading and storytelling into our curriculum during the day, but I was concerned to see the lack of interest in the dress up area. Home Corner/ Dress Up Area The dress up area should be a very active area in the preschool room where children engage in a lot of role play. When children put on dress-up clothes and pretend to be grown up, they are discovering more than how it feels to dress as an adult. â€Å"Pretend play† helps children to understand how other people think and feel. It gives children the opportunity to discover new experiences or new places they can see only in their imagination. This is called symbolic thinking and is indicative of Piagets pre-operational stage of development. Symbolic thinking is an important, complex skill necessary for many tasks in life, including language and communication, social skills, and even algebra and geometry. When we watch children playing in dress-up clothes, we notice they often use problem-solving skills they see adults use. Negotiation and shared responsibility become easier when children are pretending to be adults. They are gaining a sense of adult rules and expectations. Sometimes children may find the dress-up area a place to confront fears and work through stressful situations. By pretending to be a doctor or a monster, a child gains a sense of power over the unknown, or by acting out a traumatic event and talking about it, it becomes less scary to the child. Furthermore, engaging in dress up play can help further develop practical skills, as little fingers are learning to tie, zip, button and snap. Providing dress up supplies and dress up time allows young children to practice these skills without the pressures of time constraints. Preschoolers will be building fine motor skills and improving self-help while using their imaginations, enjoying creative play and having fun. Dress up play also encourages language skills as kids discuss amongst themselves what they are wearing, the colours and textures of the clothes, and the roles they are playing. Proposal of Recommendations From my observations, I saw that the children often bypassed the dress up stand on their way to other areas, or at times even forgot that it was there. When the children did stop and have a look, they usually pulled out one costume, put it on and ran off to play elsewhere. Our dress up area consists of a child sized clothes rail with 4 costumes 1 x fairy, 1 x princess, 1 x bob the builder, 1 x fireman, and two baskets with some doctor/nurse paraphernalia, a few scarves, a straw hat, a couple of  Halloween masks, fairy wings, a crown and a plastic gun. It became obvious to me from my observation and interview with the children that our assortment of dress up clothes was completely inadequate, both in quantity and in variety. Our costumes were limited to a number of fairytale or cartoon characters, with no reference to ordinary everyday practical contexts. I also realized that we were sadly lacking in accessories, to enable the children to adapt and change the outfits on a day to day basis, thus maintaining interest and motivation. Furthermore, the location and display of the dress up clothes needed attention, to attract the children to this very important play area. Rather than the dress up area existing as a separate area, it should be incorporated into another relevant interest area such as the Home Corner, to help extend play between areas. I picked up on this concept from observing the children, when one child dressed up as a fireman and then went to the Home Corner to â€Å"put out a fire† in the kitchen. Of course it comes naturally to children when engaging in symbolic or pretend play to link areas such as dress up and home corner. In conducting some reading and research into how to effectively organize a dress up area, I learned that the area should be attractive and inviting to children, yet well organised in order for children to discover and explore various costumes, accessories and items of clothing. There also needed to be enough space to allow groups of children to play in the area at the same time. Materials and equipment should be kept visible to the children and easily reached. The supervisor should make sure that the shelving is low level and that dress up equipment is within easy reach of the children. Choosing see-through containers allows the children to see what is inside without taking it from the shelf, or using labels on the outside of the boxes would help the children greatly in choosing items and also at tidy up time, which is an important part of the High/Scope philosophy. In addition to these criticisms of our dress up area, I realised that we have not made any effort to bring cultural or ethnic diversity to our selection. In developing the home corner and dress up area, you should take the profile of the children attending your service into account. Our pre-school has 4 children of different ethnic backgrounds attending, and we as room leaders should endeavour to include their ethnic clothes, music, dance, food and customs into the room, as well as those of other ethnic groups also. Implementation of Recommendations I had an informal meeting with my pre-school colleagues and the centre manager to outline my observations, and proposal of recommendations for improving the dress up area. From this meeting we came up with the following plan of action: |Improvement Area |Action Required |Delegated to |Comments | |Location of dress up area|To be moved to, and incorporated into |Myself & |The layout will be changed one afternoon| | |the home corner |colleague |after playschool session | |Display |Additional rail needed |My colleague |My colleague was to purchase items after| | |Two coat racks to be fitted on wall | |funds made available by manager, and | | |Baskets to be swopped for clear storage| |arrange for assembly with caretaker | | |boxes | | | | |Two additional boxes req. | | | | |Full length mirror req. | | | |Variety |Additional costumes req. |My colleague |Funds to be made available by manager | | |Additional everyday clothing items req. |Myself |for purchase of costumes. Other items to| | |Ethnic clothing req. |Myself |be sourced by myself via request for | | |Variety of accessories req. |Myself |parental contributions and charity | | | | |shops/ jumble sales | |Curriculum |Dress up time to be strategically |Myself & |We will do this through drama, music and| | |incorporated into curriculum |colleague |dance activity. | Therefore to follow through on our plan of action, our centre manager made â‚ ¬100 available for the purchase of necessary items and additional costumes. My colleague went to Home base and purchased the coat racks, child clothes hangars, storage boxes and mirror, and then purchased a child sized clothes rail in Smyth’s as well as some new additional dress up items. These items included a policeman’s costume, nurse’s costumes and some additional props. Dress up clothes should ideally comprise a wide variety of clothes which reflect the occupations of family members, local customs and people in the community, and should not be limited to superheroes or stereotyped dress up clothes. We re-arranged the home corner incorporating the dress up area on a Thursday afternoon, and my colleague had the caretaker fit the coat racks on the wall beside the clothes rails and the mirror. I sent home a letter with the children requesting donations for our dress up corner including a variety of accessories, and I also included the request in our pre-school newsletter. I also asked all the staff in the childcare facility for same. I made sure to specify that all donations should be clean, in a good state of repair and non hazardous for children. I included a list of suggested items which would be greatly appreciated. The response was overwhelming and we took in approximately 5 black refuse sacks of items for use in the area. I went through all the items and took out what I felt was appropriate. These items were washed and sanitized, and double checked by my colleague and centre manager for any safety hazards. I took the remainder of the dress up items given to us, and donated them to our nearest Barnardos charity shop on behalf of the pre-school. This list of items I requested was as follows: |Phones |Old Hair Dryers – Cords Removed |Sunglasses | |Small suitcases |Hats |Large fabric pieces | |Purses & Wallets |Aprons |Belts | |Baby items such as bottles, dodies, babygro’s, |Ties |Feather boas | |blankets etc. | | | |Empty toiletries i. e. shampoo bottles, facecream jars|Scarves |Jackets or shirts with buttons, zippers and | |etc. |Capes & Shawls |snaps | |Sponge Curlers |Tool belts |Crowns | |Handbags |Uniform items |Shoes with laces | |Small dresses |Football kit |Wands | |Leg warmers |Gloves | | We managed to procure most of the items requested via donations, and the families of the foreign national children very kindly donated some items of clothing and accessories from their cultures. For example the mother of the Chinese girl very kindly gave us a piece of Chinese silk fabric and a Chinese fan, whilst the Zimbabwean family gave us an ethnically printed tunic and a small turban style printed hat. We carefully displayed all our dress up items so as to make it interesting for the children to try different combinations, and make it easy for them to find things. Dress up clothes were put on hangars on the rails, hats and belts and aprons etc. were hung on the coat racks, whilst scarves and other accessories were stored in clearly labeled storage boxes and baskets at the base of the rails. A special basket was filled with props such as wands, microscopes, toy swords and other such items to bring fantasy to life. One very important new addition to the dress up area was a full length mirror, which was fitted to the wall beside the rails. This is very important in maintaining interest in the dress up area, and helps the children to observe and assess their choices. Furthermore, allowing kids to self-verify the results of their work is very Montessori. The overall result is that we now have a first class area which the children love. The time spent in the dress up area and home corner area in general has increased hugely, and the children have great fun trying different combinations of costumes. [pic] [pic] Bibliography Harding, Jackie Meldon Smith, Liz â€Å"How To Make Observations & Assessments† 2nd Edition Hodder & Stoughton UK Hayes, Noirin â€Å"Early Childhood An Introductory Text† 1999 Gill & MacMillan Dublin Madigan, Imelda â€Å"Defining, Assessing and Supporting Quality in Early Childhood Care and Education: The High/Scope Ireland Model http://www. cecde. ie/english/pdf/Questions%20of%20Quality/Madigan. pdf Miller, Patricia H â€Å"Theories of Developmental Psychology† 2002 Worth Publishers US. Sylva, Kathy Lunt, Ingrid â€Å"Child Development: A First Course† 1982 Blackwell Publishing UK Aistear – National Council for Curriculum and Assessment www. ncca. ie www. education. com http://www. ehow. com/how_10055611_set-up-fancy-preschool-classroom. html#ixzz29Hs4JKT9 http://www. kildarechildcare. ie/wp-content/uploads/Guide-to-Play-The-Learning-Environment. pdf http://education. scholastic. co. uk/resources/144269 http://www. sagepub. com/upm-data/9656_022816Ch5. pdf

Pronouncing the Spanish C and Z

The letter c in Spanish has three sounds that are very different from each other—and one of those sounds, which is also the z sound, varies by region. Fortunately, the distinction as to which sound is used follows a rule similar to the one for determining the pronunciation of c in English. The Three Pronunciations of C The sound of the c depends on the letter that follows, according to these guidelines. When the c is followed by h, the two letters together form the ch sound, which is similar to the ch sound in English in words such as church and cheap. It is never pronounced like the ch in architecture (the Spanish equivalent is arquitectura). When the c is followed by any other consonant or by the vowel  o, or u, it has sound of the English k but is slightly less explosive. Note that the English c has approximately the same sound when followed by the same letters. Thus the Spanish word casa (house) is pronounced as CAH-sah, and clase (class) is pronounced as CLAH-seh. The third sound is the one that varies by region. For most Spanish speakers, including nearly all in Latin America, the c is pronounced as the English s when it comes before an e or i. The same is true in English. So cielo (sky) is pronounced as SYEH-loh for most Spanish speakers, and cena (dinner) is pronounced as SEH-nah. However, in most of Spain, especially outside the areas where Catalan is also spoken, the c before e or i is pronounced as the th in thin—but not the th in that. In most of Spain, then, cielo is pronounced as THYEH-low and cena as THEH-nah. To avoid confusion between the two th sounds, linguists sometimes represent the unvoiced th with ÃŽ ¸, the Greek letter theta. So the pronunciations of the two words might be represented as ÃŽ ¸YEH-loh and ÃŽ ¸EH-nah. Contrary to common belief, the third sound of c in Spain is not a lisp. It is simply the way the letter is pronounced. Pronouncing Z The third c sound represents the z sound as well. The z sound doesnt vary with the letters that follow. Note that the z sound doesnt have the buzz that it does in English. So while you may be tempted to prononce zumbar (to hum) as zoom-BAHR, its correct pronunciation is either soom-BAHR or thoom-BAHR, depending on whether youre in Spain or Latin America. In the Spanish word pizza (which also means pizza as it does in English), the double z is generally pronounced in imitation of Italian, giving the word a pronunciation similar to what it has in English. Spelling With C and Z With few exceptions, the z isnt followed by an e or i in Spanish. Instead, the letter c is used before those letters instead. Thus the Spanish equivalent of zero is cero, for zinc its cinc, and for zebra its cebra. Among the few exceptions are words of foreign origin such as zigzaguear (to zigzag) and zepelà ­n (zeppelin). When a noun or adjective ends in z and is made plural, the z changes to c. Thus the plural of the Spanish word faz (face) is faces, and the plural of pez (fish) is peces. More examples include: Una actriz feliz, dos actrices felices one happy actress, two happy actressesUna nariz, tres narices one nose, three nosesLa luz, las luces the light, the lightsEl juez voraz, los juezes voraces the greedy judge, the greedy judges The c and z can also change in conjugated verb forms. The z changes to c if it is followed by an e, so one of the forms of empezar (to begin) is empecà ©. Also, the c changes to qu when followed by an e or i, so the forms of tocar (to touch or play) include toquà © and toquemos. Some other examples of verb  conjugations affected by these spelling rules include: Comenzar, comencà ©, que comiences, que comiencen to begin, I began, that you begin, that they beginTrozar, trocà ©, que troces, que troccen to break, I break, that you break, that they breakCocer, que yo cueza. que cozamos to cook, that I cook, that we cook

The Woman Warrior- Silence (Theme) - 788 Words

Theme: Silence (finding one’s own personal voice) Kingston gives a voice to many of the voiceless women in the book, resulting in them discovering their identities as individuals. The theme of finding one’s own personal voice is a major theme in Kingston’s memoir. She makes various references to the physical and emotional struggle throughout the text by seeing the silence of the women in her family and Chinese culture. By adding her experience as a Chinese-American woman she tries to discover her voice. For Kingston, silence basically equals to a lack of voice, which she associates with the loss of identity as a woman. In No Name Woman, you can see that Kingston fears that if she stays silent and doesn’t find her own voice, she would†¦show more content†¦Kingston does this by almost making us look at her in a negative way. Moon Orchid comes across timid and almost incapable to do simple tasks. She couldn’t fit into America- and she doesn’t even try. In conclusion, Kingston’s different voices in the book culminated to show the dominance of her voice against all the others and to show her identity, which she finally gets. When Kingston gives a final look to her past, she tells the story of the poet Ts ai Yen to represent the possibilities of the two cultures that have surrounded her, her entire life coming together. Kingston sees them both as women warriors symbolically fighting to link the cultural gap between America and China. This last story helps Kingston find her true voice andShow MoreRelatedThe Woman Warrior, Maxine Hong Kingston1722 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Woman Warrior, Maxine Hong Kingston crafts a fictitious memoir of her girlhood among ghosts. The book’s classification as a memoir incited significant debate, and the authenticity of her representation of Chinese American culture was contested by Asian American scholars and authors. The Woman Warrior is ingenuitive in its manipulation of the autobiogr aphical genre. Kingston integrates the value of storytelling in her memoir and relates it to dominant themes about silence, cultural authenticityRead MoreFinding the Voice to Speak Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesFinding the voice to speak The Woman Warrior consists of five stories which focuses on five women: Kingstons long-dead aunt, No-Name Woman; a mythical female warrior, Fa Mu Lan; Kingstons mother, Brave Orchid; Kingstons aunt, Moon Orchid; and finally Kingston herself. Based on her mothers stories, which are integrated with Kingstons imagination, The Woman Warrior reveals her past childhood experiences, and explores her struggle to reconcile her Chinese heritage with her American identityRead MoreEssay on The Woman Warrior, by Maxine Hong Kingston1033 Words   |  5 PagesThe theme of â€Å"voiceless woman† throughout the book â€Å"the woman warrior† is of great importance. Maxine Kingston narrates several stories in which gives clear examples on how woman in her family are diminished and silenced by Chinese culture. The author not only provides a voice for herself but also for other women in her family and in her community that did not had the opportunity to speak out and tell their stories. The author starts the book with the story of her aunt. This story was a well-keptRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Echo Of Silence 1522 Words   |  7 PagesVictoria Collins Mr. Welborn Art History and Appreciation November 21, 2016 The Echo of Silence This paper is written on the artwork ‘Rebellious Silence’ from the series of Women of Allah by Shirin Neshat. Ms. Neshat â€Å"...is a contemporary Iranian artist best known for her films exploring the relationship between women and the religious and cultural value systems within Islamic communities† (Fine Art). In this paper Neshat’s biography, style for taking the picture, inspiration for the picture, andRead MoreWoman Warrior Essay1345 Words   |  6 PagesWoman Warrior Essay Maxine Hong Kingstons novel, The Woman Warrior is a semi-autobiographical collection of short stories that chronicles her childhood in California. It gives the reader a feeling of how it feels like to be a Chinese American girl growing up with traditional parents in a world that is quite different from theirs. Throughout the novel, both she and her mother refer to the outside world as ghosts. The subtitle given to the book is Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts. To figureRead MoreMaxine Hong Kingstons The Woman Warrior Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesMaxine Hong Kingstons The Woman Warrior Maxine Hong Kingstons novel, The Woman Warrior is a semi-autobiographical collection of short stories that chronicles her childhood in California. It gives the reader a feeling of how it feels like to be a Chinese American girl growing up with traditional parents in a world that is quite different fromRead MoreThe Woman Warrior By Maxine Hong Kingston Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesHathman 1 Rachele Hathman Professor Richard Potter ENC 1939 16 November 2016 The Woman Warrior Language is a system of communication used by humans either written or spoken to communicate our thoughts and feelings. Our thoughts and feelings we want to communicate to our loved ones, to our friends, to people we work with or go to school with and even to strangers. Maxine Hong Kingston in her memoir The Woman Warrior explores language and the use of language to express what Kingston finds as severalRead MoreRacism and Ethnicity Issues in Morrison, O ´Connor, and Kingston ´s Novels1754 Words   |  8 PagesThe central problem in Flannery O’Connor’s story, â€Å"Everything That Rises Must Converge†, Maxine Hong Kingston’s â€Å"The Woman Warrior†, and Toni Morrison’s â€Å"Recitatif†, revolve on the issue of race. Morrison and O’Connor focus on the theme of race specifically between blacks and whites in America. It could be said that Kingston’s â€Å"The Woman Warrior† concentrates on the racial differen ce between Asian and Caucasian but race is not made to be a big issue in this novel, since almost all of the charactersRead MoreUse of Imagery in Othello1555 Words   |  7 Pagesand Othellos’ true love overcoming such stereotypes and we are told this through imagery of fair warriors and that alike them. The wages of deceit is also shown through imagery of spiders and webs, uniforms and other images. Also, the power of jealousy is very well defined by imagery in the story. The green-eyed monster, handkerchief, and cuckolding imagery are very prominent in the defining this theme. The devilish character of Iago is depicted very well though different types of imagery. His sadisticRead MoreVictorian Period2321 Words   |  10 Pagesforests as ancient as the hills. Generally a very pleasant place, until he mentions a strange chasm on the side of a hill, surrounded by cedar trees. This chasm is a â€Å"savage† place, â€Å"as holy and enchanted† as any place that was ever â€Å"haunted by a woman wailing for her Demon Lover† (Coleridge 670). Within this haunted cavern, there are all kinds of turmoil– to illustrate; Coleridge compares this to if the Earth itself were heavily panting for breath. From this savage place in the hill, a geyser

Binge Drinking And The Minimum Legal Drinking Age

Karzhova Marina Erin Beaver English Composition II 5 November 2014 Binge Drinking and the Minimum Legal Drinking Age In the year 1984, President Ronald Reagan enacted a law that increased the minimum drinking Age all U.S states to 21 years. As a result, it is believed that the mortality rates due to road accidents reduced from 5,000 in the 80’s to 2, 000 in 2005 (Dean-Mooney). However, the issue of binge drinking remains unsolved with learning institutions having to deal with it every semester. In response to this, 134 college presidents formed the Amethyst Initiative, which is, a proposal allowing persons aged between 18 and 20 to consume alcoholic drinks Conversely, the Mothers against Drunk Driving (MADD), which pushed for the enactment of the law in 1984 believes that the Amethyst Initiative is misplaced. The push for a lower drinking age is a battle between the parental community and the student fraternity. For the drinking age too be lowered the Amethyst Initiative must compile concrete research and facts to support its findings. Nonetheless, historical data shows that increase in the minimum legal drinking age results in a decrease in the amount of deaths. As argued by Barry, Stellefson and Woosley, â€Å"the MLDA clearly reduces alcohol consumption and its associated harms† (8). In light of this, one can argue that the minimum drinking age should remain at 21 as lowering it may cause fatal consequences. The factors can be broadly classified as internal, such asShow MoreRelated The Drinking Age Should NOT Be Lowered Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pageslowering the minimum legal drinking age. Choose Responsibility, a group founded by John McCardell, proposes that upon completion of a 40 hour course to educate young people about alcohol, 18, 19, and 20 year old people should be licensed to drink. The Amethyst Initiative, part of Choose Responsibility, is a petition to Congress to rethink the minimum legal drinking age. Several college leaders have signed this petition in the belief that lowering the minimum legal drinking age will reduce binge drinkingRead MoreBinge Drinking vs the Drinking Age Essays829 Words   |  4 Pages2013 Binge Drinking VS the Drinking Age Presidents of college campuses around the nation face issues of underage drinking and binge drinking on a regular basis and realizes that it is a danger and a problem. â€Å"Alcohol consumption is the third leading cause of death in the U.S., a major contributing factor to unintentional injuries, the leading cause of death for youths and young adults, and accounts for an estimated 75,000 or more deaths in the United States annually† (Wechsler 2010). Binge drinkingRead More Lowering the Legal Minimum Drinking Age Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesunderage drinking has become a major problem, especially on college campuses. But, underage drinking is not purely the root of all accidents related to alcohol. The real problem lies within the unsafe underage drinking habits amongst youth. There are ways that these alcohol-related accidents can be avoided. Several organizations have been created that are targeting a change in the legal drinking age laws. One key way to lower the risk of unsafe drinking is to lower the minimum legal drinking age fromRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Abolished1634 Words   |  7 Pagestheir own legal drinking age. In 1984 the National Minimum Drinking Age act was passed and raised the drinking age in the United States to twenty-one. This law caused uproar in states that had declared the minimum drinking age to be eighteen. Alcohol consumption is a major factor in cultural and social matters and the National Minimum Drinking Age has affected everybody. This law is unjust because of many reasons. One of the most prominent reasons is that it is an ex-post facto law. The legal drinkingRead MoreIs it Right to Lower the Drinking Age?1070 Words   |  4 Pagesissue. My question is, â€Å"Why should we lower the legal drinking age†? Current proposals to lower the minimum legal drinking age to 18 would have some benefits like increasing revenue for bars and liquor stores. However the risks surpass the benefits. Many peop le think that if you’re 18 you’re portrayed as an adult, you’re old enough to serve your country, vote, and make your own decisions. In some cases this could be true, but lowering the drinking age would be way too risky for themselves and othersRead MoreBinge Drinking On College Campuses1459 Words   |  6 Pages Paul October 28, 2014 Binge Drinking On College Campuses Over the past few years, there has been this big debate about whether the drinking age should be lowered to 18 or if it should stay at 21. Those in favor of lowering the drinking age to 18 argue that someone who is old enough to serve their country should be allowed to have a drink. Those who are in favor of keeping the minimum legal drinking age at 21 because of consequences regarding psychological developmentRead MoreThroughout History, The United States Has Taken On Several1288 Words   |  6 Pagesregarding the minimum legal drinking age that vary in age as well as in state and federal enforcement of the limit. To this day, there is quite a bit of controversy surrounding the subject because advocates of higher, lower, and limitless age regulations all provide decent arguments towards their suggested policies. Regardless of the policy, they all have the same aim: reduce alcohol addiction, binge drinking, drunk driving, and other alcohol related public health risks. The curren t minimum legal drinkingRead MoreUnderage Drinkers And The Drinking Age1237 Words   |  5 Pagesthey actually go out. Underage adults are binge drinking and doing drugs before they leave their house, then they are out on the road, in public places, and making irrational decisions. If only these adults didn’t feel the need to pre-game, and get as belligerent as the can before they go out, because once they do that’s the end of their drinking until they get back home. There is a way to reduce dangerous drinking, it would be to lower the drinking age to 18. Once lowered to 18, adults would noRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act1700 Words   |  7 Pagesthe National Minimum Drinking Age Act made all 50 states raise the legal drinking age to 21(Dejong). The debate is on whether the age should be lowered or not. Statistically, having the age at 21 has been very helpful in keeping the nation safe. If there is not an issue with age now, would it make sense to lower the age and create unnecessary problems? In this case, the negative effects outweigh the positive. Simply because there is no good in lowering the age. The legal drinking age has been setRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Of The United States Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe legal drinking age in the United States was ruled to be 21 in 1984, setting the country apart from almost all other western nations. These past 30 years have contained as much problems regarding the consumption of alcohol as one of the country’s biggest failures ever, the 18th amendment, otherwise known as prohibition. Also, the legal drinking age in the United States can be considered violation of states liberties, as the national government, albeit with good intentions, has intervened and only

Literature Review Goal Setting - Click on Free Sample

Question: Describe about the Goal Setting? Answer: 1. Introduction Goal setting is an integral part of the organizational behavior that involves the development of strategies in order to motivate employees within the organization and help in attainment of long-term goals. Vigoda-Gadot and Angert (2007) suggested that appropriate goal setting is important in an organization because it provides focus, increases motivation, improves group cohesion and help in performance measurability. The literature review here focuses on the concepts and theoretical models related to goal setting within an organization. With the help of this document, the researcher ensures effectiveness and influence of goal setting within an organization to set the baseline of a plan and to take decisions effectively. With the help of secondary academic review the researcher will be able to obtain an in-depth knowledge on the topic. 2. Research questions How does goal setting models helps in enhancing the organizational performance? What are the major goal setting models followed by your organization? How effective do you think is the present goal-setting model in your organization? How do you think the goal setting techniques motivate employees? 3. Theories and concepts on goal setting 3.1 Locke and Lathams Goal setting theory According to Locke and Latham (2006) the concepts of Management by objectives (MBO) and goal setting theories became major fields of study within the segment of organizational behavior because goals and objectives are the key elements that creates a positive organizational climate, improves job motivation, provides social and emotional support and enhance overall performance levels. Reed (2012) suggested that goals are related with performance enhancement because they organize effort, directs attention and encourages determination and plan development. In determining the relationship between goals and performance levels two main concepts are important namely the concept of Goal difficulty and the concept of Goal specificity. Murphy (2013) suggested that ambitious goals can contribute to the motivational increase of the individuals and thus enhance the overall performance levels. Lunenburg (2011) opined that goals have an inescapable influence on the behavior of the employees and thus influence the long-term performance of the employees within an organization. The goal setting theory proposed by Locke and Latham in 1960 emphasized on the fact that clear and specific goals and effective feedback can essentially motivate employees. According to Locke and Latham (2006), there are five important principles of goal setting that can improve the success rates within an organization namely clarity, challenge, commitment, feedback and task complexity. This theory states that goal setting within an organization should be a dual process. The individual employees should set a personal goal whereas the management of the organization should also focus on setting a team goal in order to comprehensively attain both individual growth and organizational growth. Vigoda-Gadot and Angert (2007) suggested that the willingness of wok towards the attainment of the goal is the major source of motivation for the employees within an organization. However, Bazerman (2009) argued that in some circumstances there might be rise of conflict between the personal goals and organizational goals. Moreover, the theory states that the organizations should frame complex goals so that the attainment of the same may bring a sense of self-satisfaction within the employees and further motivate them to increase their productivity. However, Sinnema and Robinson (2012) commented that high complexity of goals might make the goals unattainable. Finally, it has been argued that goal setting may not necessarily improve the job satisfaction levels. Figure 1: Goal setting theory (Source: Locke and Latham , 2006, pp- 267) 3.2 Goal setting theory conditions The necessary conditions that make goals effective and enhance the performance levels by invoking motivation within the employees are namely Goal commitment, Goal specificity, Goal difficulty and feedback related to goals. The following segment discusses the conditions. 3.2.1 Goal commitment Goal commitment in simple words denotes the acceptance of the goal by the individual. The acceptance of the goal is the initial step towards the motivation of the individuals. Rug and Wallace (2012) commented that if the goal is achievable and realistic then the rate of acceptance is high and with the advent of acceptance, the individual applies the required degree of determination and self-efficacy in order to complete the goal. However, Lawlor (2012) the rate of commitment may be hampered if the individual does not find the goal to be important. Hence, in order to successful make a goal achievable the organizations must exert the importance of the goal on the employees. The major factor that the organization needs to avoid in this context is the development of a casual attitude of the employees relating to the goals. For this Rug and Wallace (2012) suggested that the organizations should effectively provide all details about the goals, should establish a relation between the goal a nd the organizations ,mission and should also show the advantage that the individual may incur from the attainment of the goal. 3.2.2 Goal specificity The specificity of the goal is ascertained by its measurability. Bazerman (2009) suggested that highly specific goals affect the performance levels. Vague and abstract goals make it difficult for the employees to decide on the type of performance and quality of performance that the individuals should generate. The goals should thus be clear in terms of the specifications thereby assigning the actual tasks that the organization requires the employees to meet. The major focus of the management of the organization should be on the removal of the ambiguity from within the goals. For instance, the sale persons are given specific monthly targets that they have to achieve and the specification of incentive structures that they might get on achieving more than the monthly targets. According to Sinnema and Robinson (2012) the numerical targets makes the targets more realistic and highly motivates the employees to achieve the same. Further depending upon the skills of the employees the managem ent can enhance the goal challenges and specifications. 3.2.3 Goal difficulty According to Vigoda-Gadot and Angert (2007) to encourage high performance levels the organizations should formulate highly difficult goals. However Simes et al., (2012) argued that the difficulty level of the goal should depend upon the human skills present within the organization so that the level is achievable otherwise the goal difficulty can de motivate the employees and reduce their productivity. Ordez et al. (2009) suggests that the individuals have a tendency to act or respond dishonestly in case the goals become unattainable or difficult compared to their skills. Thus, it is essential for the organization to set the difficulty levels correctly in order to enhance the performance levels. For instance, Fords goal to gain market share in the international market forced the company to compromise on the quality standards of the new car Pinto that resulted in accidental deaths of around 53 consumers. Thus, the example shows that high standard settings are often detrimental to the s uccess of the employees and the organization. Ordez et al. (2009) added that difficulty level of the goals should remain within the power of the employees and the organization. In order to do so the organizations can conduct a SWOT analysis that will reveal the internal strengths and threats of the company in order to help them generate the necessary goal standards. A high goal not only jeopardizes motivation and commitment but also creates a non-congenial environment where the employees engage in corruption, dishonesty and hampers the quality of the organizational performance. Bennett (2009) concluded that the performance graph sharply declines with the increase in the level of goal difficulty. Figure 2: Relationship between performance level and goal difficulty (Source: Bennett 2009, pp- 98) 3.2.4 Goal feedback Feedback is an important element for performance evaluation. Simes et al. (2012) suggested that feedback is important also in case of goals in order to judge the effectiveness of the goal and the effectiveness of the commitment related to the goal completion. In the absence of feedbacks the employees remain unaware about their progress and it becomes difficult for them to ascertain the level of commitment that is further required for the job. Moreover, feedback process helps in identifying any loopholes within the goal and enables the individual to make necessary modifications. However, Murphy (2013) pointed that feedback should be constructive. The leaders and the goal makers should try to be specific while giving feedbacks. They should clearly mention the changes they require. Positive feedback also acts as a motivational factor for the enhancement of the performance levels. In this regard, Greenberg (2011) commented that feedback could be process oriented or outcome oriented. Thus by receiving the feedbacks the individuals will be aware that their work is being evaluated and this will minimize their chances if mistakes and act as amoral support for them. 3.3 SMART Goals In order to mend the problems of the goal setting theory the advent of SMART goals were made. Lawlor (2012) stated that development of SMART goals helps the organizations and employees to make the goals quantitative in nature, which helps easy attainment of the goals. The mangers adopt the following parameters while designing SMART goals. S = Specific goals M = Measurable goals A = Attainable goals R = Relevant goals T = Time bound goals Stringer and Shantapriyan (2012) opined that the specificity within the goals helps the employees and the managers to concretely define the task that is to be undertaken. The specificity of the goals gives the employees an opportunity to undergo the training process, which increases their individual productivity as well. Further, by making the goals measurable, the organizations are able to judge the feasibility of the goals. The achievability characteristic of a goal makes the goal viable and the organizations can design the desired resources in order to make the goal achievable. The relevancy of the goal motivates the employees to try and achieve the same. Finally, a time bound goal highlights the approximate time frame within which the organization plans to achieve the goal successfully. However, Reed (2012), pointed out in article that even SMART goals are not always effective for the organization. It is easy for the organizations to set ambitious goals however; the attainment of the same may divert the organization from other functional areas. For instance, a specific goal concerning the attainment of high market share in a particular target market may make the organization easy target in that market. Reed (2012) further commented that the high attainable goals as set by the SMART goal concept required high degree of skills and training in order to make the goals attainable. However, the organizations are more focused on the setting of the SMART goals without any focus on the skills requirement of the employees thus making the goals unattainable. Figure 3: SMART goals (Source: Stringer and Shantapriyan, 2012, pp-192) 3.4 GROW model The major role of an organizational leader is to effectively coach the employees to perform to their best abilities. The GROW model of goal setting is a simple and widely used tool for simple organizational structures in order to coach the employees in order to attain the goals. The following table shows the questions farmed at every stage of the GROW model. G - Goal What does the organization hope to achieve? R - Reality What is the current position of the organization? O Options / obstacles What are the different alternatives and problems available to the organization? W - Will What are the plan concerning the goals and obstacles? Reed (2012) commented that this model takes into account the views of the SMART goals in stage one and further designs the organizational activities that will help in attainment of the SMART goals. The organizations by establishing the reality can account for the present condition of the organization as well as the employees. This helps the management leaders to effectively judge whether the essential skills and trainings are present within the employees, whether the organization has required financial and technical resource in order to successfully attain the SMART goals. Strongman (2013) further added that assessment of the obstacle and options helps the organizations to analyze the external environment before engaging in goal attainment actions. The use of SWOT, PESTLE and Porters 5 force gives the organizations the opportunity to analyze the potential threats and opportunities in the path of the desired goals. The recognition of the barriers will help the organization to make str ategies for avoidance and recognition of opportunities will give the organization to build a strong competitive advantage over the other players within the industry. However Grant (2011), argued that GROW model may be ineffective in case of one-to-one interaction between an employee and a leader. The leader in this case may focus rigidly on the principles of the model rather than paying appropriate attention to the ability, skills and mind frame of the employee. Thus excessive use of the principles of GROW within the organizational leadership context may give rise to a strict and inflexible organizational structure. Moreover Urbany and Davis (2010) added that the leaders using the GROW model for the purpose of coaching generally tends to avoid laying the foundations among the employees and try to generate fast achievement of the goals. Figure 4: GROW model (Source: Grant, 2011, pp- 120) 4. Conclusion While conducting researches by going through the case studies on setting goal, three models have been undertaken by the different organizations for performance improvement by setting appropriate and attainable organizational goals. The chapter helps the researcher to gain insight knowledge on the different positive and negative aspects of goal setting actions. Thus from the overall analysis it can be concluded that the organizations can use the elements of the different models of goal setting effectively but also not rely rigidly on the principles without paying any attention to the resource availability and human skills. Rigidity of the models may result in setting of ambitious and difficult goals, which may sound good from the organizational prospective but, may hinder the ethical considerations and reduce the performance levels of the individuals within the organization. Reference list Alblas, G. and Wijsman, E. (2011).Organisational behaviour. Groningen [etc.]: Noordhoff Publishers. Bazerman, M. (2009). When Goal Setting Goes Bad.Working Knowledge. Harvard Business School. Bennett, D. (2009). Ready, aim... fail. Why setting goals can backfire.The Boston Globe,C1 Grant, A. M. (2011). Is it time to REGROW the GROW model? Issues related to teaching coaching session structures.The Coaching Psychologist,7(2), 118-126. Greenberg, J. (2011). Behavior in organizations (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hal Lawlor, K. B. (2012). Smart Goals: How the Application of Smart Goals can Contribute to Achievement of Student Learning Outcomes.Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning,39. Locke, E. A., and Latham, G. P. (2006). New directions in goal-setting theory.Current directions in psychological science,15(5), 265-268. Lunenburg, F. (2011). Goal-Setting Theory of Motivation.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, BUSINESS, AND ADMINISTRATION, 15(1), p.5. Mullins, L. (2011).Essentials of organisational behaviour. Harlow, England: Financial Times Prentice Hall/Pearson. Murphy, B. (2013). Organisational Behaviour for Social Work.Practice, 25(2), pp.143-145. Ordez,L.,Schweitzer,M.,Galinsky,A.,andBazerman,M.(2009).Goals gone wild: The systematic side effects of over-prescribing goal setting.HBS Working Paper, 09-083 Reed, A. (2012).TechWell | Are SMART Goals Smart Enough?. [online] TechWell. Available at: https://www.techwell.com/2012/09/are-smart-goals-smart-enough [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Rug, H. and Wallace, M. (2012).Goal Sharing. Scottsdale: WorldatWork Press. Simes, P., Vasconcelos-Raposo, J., Silva, A. and Fernandes, H. (2012). Effects of a Process-Oriented Goal Setting Model on Swimmer's Performance.Journal of Human Kinetics, 32(-1). Sinnema, C. and Robinson, V. (2012). Goal Setting in Principal Evaluation: Goal Quality and Predictors of Achievement.Leadership and Policy in Schools, 11(2), pp.135-167. Stringer, C. and Shantapriyan, P. (2012).Setting performance targets. [New York, N.Y.] (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017): Business Expert Press. Strongman, L. (2013). The Psychology of Social Undermining in Organisational Behaviour.The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Organisational Psychology, 6. Urbany, J. and Davis, J. (2010).Grow by focusing on what matters. New York, N.Y.: Business Expert Press. Vigoda-Gadot, E., and Angert, L. (2007). Goal setting theory, job feedback, and OCB: Lessons from a longitudinal study.Basic and applied social psychology,29(2), 119-128.